Ontdekt bij:
Division of Epidemiology
University of Minnesota / School of Public Health
Eliminating
the Dangers of Secondhand Smoke
Sound Bites
• Protect
your child’s right to breathe clean air. Create tobacco-free environments for
youth.
...want
ze krijgen er astma of longkanker van? Zie
WHO-rapport
en
Astma
• There is
no safe level of exposure to a cancer-causing substance.
Zie
meeroken-analyse. Dan moeten we auto's dus ook
maar verbieden?
•
Cigarette smoke is an air pollutant more than twice as cancer-causing as many
toxic chemicals widely banned from use.
Enig wetenschappelijk
bewijs ontbreekt. Omgevingsrook werd door EPA in 1993 op de Carcinogeen A lijst
geplaatst. In 1998 werd dit door een Federale rechter als onjuist betiteld. De
EPA was niet gerechtigd dit te doen.
Haar onderzoek
werd voor het grootste gedeelte wegens grote onnauwkeurigheden naar de
prullenbak verwezen. (Uitspraak rechter)
• We would
never knowingly allow our children to be exposed to asbestos, a Class A
carcinogen. Yet, secondhand smoke, like asbestos, is a Class A carcinogen and
we allow our children to be exposed to it daily throughout our community.
Zie boven. Geen
Carcinogeen A.
• Food
service workers have a 50% higher risk of lung cancer than the general
population.
Onzin.
Diverse
onderzoeken hebben uitgewezen dat dit niet zo is:
•
Everyone sucks second-hand smoke (from Marquette, Michigan campaign).
...en
uitlaatgassen van
auto's!
Talking
Points
Startling
facts about secondhand smoke
•
Secondhand smoke contains more than 4,000 chemicals; 200 are poisons and 43
cause cancer.1
...maar door de verdunning die plaatsvindt stelt
het niks meer voor.
• The EPA
classified secondhand smoke as a Group A carcinogen which means it's known to
cause cancer in humans. Only 15 other pollutants received the same
classification including asbestos and radon.1
Zie boven. Geen
Carcinogeen A.
•
Secondhand smoke spreads rapidly throughout buildings and persists long after
smoking ends. In buildings where smoking is permitted, secondhand smoke
represents some of the strongest sources of indoor-air pollution from tar
particulates (very small particles of tar).2
Maar het blijft, door de
verdunning, onbelangrijk voor de algehele gezondheidstoestand van gezonde
mensen. De huidige ventilatie standaarden, zoals onder andere door de
Amerikaanse Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board (OSHA) vereist,
zijn voldoende
om deze nadelen van omgevingsrook weg te werken.
Vital
Statistics
• Each
year, approximately 3,000 American nonsmokers die from lung cancer caused by
secondhand smoke.3
Een cijfer dat
via
een computermodel wordt berekend en niet door wetenschappelijk onderzoek
ondersteund wordt.
•
The
risk of heart disease for smokers is enormous. An individual smoking as few as
1-4 cigarettes per day is associated with a doubling in risk of coronary heart
disease.4
De
Monica
studie, het grootste onderzoek op dit gebied ooit gehouden, heeft dit niet
kunnen aantonen.
Andere studies leveren ook geen
statistisch significant bewijs.
Health
effects in children
• Children
exposed to second hand smoke are more likely to have middle ear disease and
decreased lung function.5
...maar ze bouwen
volgens de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie wél
weerstand op tegen longkanker. Het
onderzoek van de EPA waar deze statements naar verwijzen wordt
hier,
met behulp van verwijzingen naar conflicterend onderzoek, door Forces
becommentariëerd.
• Children
are especially vulnerable to secondhand smoke. The Environmental Protection
Agency estimates that secondhand smoke exposure from parental smoking causes
150,000 to 300,000 lower respiratory tract infections per year in children under
18 months of age. 5
Zie
Forces commentaar op EPA onderzoek.
•
Secondhand smoke exposure is linked to an increased risk of Sudden Infant Death
Syndrome (SIDS), the leading cause of death in infants between one month and one
year of age. 5
Zie voorgaand commentaar en
de Forces
pagina over Wiegedood.
Shortfalls
of state law
• The
Minnesota Clean Indoor Air Act is only a starting point. The law does not
protect youth from secondhand smoke in many areas where they work and play
including fast food and other restaurants, some worksites, apartment buildings,
cultural centers, sports facilities, recreation centers, and more.
• Many
communities from California to Massachusetts have implemented laws restricting
smoking in public places with few problems and little cost to local government.
No community in Minnesota, however, has passed an ordinance stricter than the
state law yet.
Lees hier over de gevolgen van
rookverboden in de Horeca.
Youth
exposure to secondhand smoke
• Two out
of five children in the US are exposed to secondhand smoke in their homes6
and these children miss one-third more school days annually than children from
non-smoking homes.7
Zie
Forces
commentaar
• Nearly
40% of the fast food employees and nearly 35% of fast food customers are under
the age of 18.8 Secondhand smoke levels in restaurants were found to
be two times higher than in offices. Secondhand smoke levels in bars were
between four and six times higher than in offices.9
• Research
by the National Cancer Institute found that workers between the ages of 15 and
19 were the least likely to be protected by smoke-free workplace policies.
•
Employees' exposure to secondhand smoke in restaurants is approximately two
times higher than in office work places. Nonsmoking food service workers face a
considerably higher death rate from lung cancer than the nonsmoking population
as a whole.9
Zie
Forces commentaar
Secondhand
smoke and restaurants
•
No-smoking sections in restaurants offer minimal protection from secondhand
smoke. Smoke from the smoking section drifts throughout the restaurant. Secondhand
smoke cannot be controlled by ventilation, air cleaning, or spatial separation
of smokers from nonsmokers.4
Lees hier over de gevolgen van
rookverboden in de Horeca.
References
1. United
States Environmental Protection Agency. Respiratory Health Effects of Passive
Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders. Office of Research and
Development. Washington, DC, Dec 1992.
Forces commentaar
2. US
Environmental Protection Agency. Indoor Air Facts No. 5: Environmental
Tobacco Smoke. June 1989.
3. Dockery
DW. Risk of lung cancer from environmental exposures to tobacco smoke. Cancer
Causes and Control; 8:333-345, 1997.
Forces commentaar
4. Repace
J. Fact Sheet on Secondhand Smoke. Second European Conference on Tobacco or
Health. February 1999.
Forces commentaar
5. Based
on publications from the CDC, April 1997, and the EPA-43-5-93-0030, and the
California Environmental Protection Agency: Health Effects of Exposure to
Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Final Report, September 1997.
Forces
commentaar
6. Pirkle
JL, Flegal KM, Bernert JT, Brody DJ, Etzel RA. Maurer KR. Exposure of the US
population to environmental tobacco smoke:the Third National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 to 1991. Journal of the American Medical
Association, 275(16): 1233-40, 1996.
Forces
commentaar
7. Mannino
DM, Siegel M, Husten C, Rose D, Etzel R. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure
and heath effects in children: results from the 1991 National Heath Interview
Survey.Tobacco Control. 5:13-18, 1996.
Forces
commentaar
8. Most
Adults under 35 have worked in food service. Food Service News; 24,
August 1994.
9. Siegel
M. Involuntary smoking in the restaurant workplace: a review of employee
exposure and health. Journal of the American Medical Association
270(4):490-93, 1993.
Forces commentaar
Eliminating
the Dangers of Secondhand Smoke
Sample Op
Ed/Letter to the Editor
By now,
the debate on secondhand smoke should not be cloudy. Numerous studies show that
secondhand smoke is harmful and even deadly.
Secondhand
smoke is classified as a Class A (known human) carcinogen by the Environmental
Protection Agency. Each year, approximately 3,000 American nonsmokers die from
lung cancer caused by secondhand smoke. Children are especially vulnerable to
secondhand smoke. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that secondhand
smoke exposure from parental smoking causes 150,000 to 300,000 lower respiratory
tract infections each year in children under 18 months of age. Secondhand smoke
exposure has also been linked to an increased risk of Sudden Infant Death
Syndrome (SIDS).
Workers
exposed to secondhand smoke on the job are also at increased risk. Many
workplaces in Minnesota are covered by the Minnesota Clean Indoor Air Act and
are, therefore, smoke-free. But plenty of workplaces are not. Restaurants are
an obvious exception. Not only do restaurant workers have a 50% higher risk of
lung cancer than the general population, but many of these workers are minors.
In fact, nearly 40% of fast food employees are under the age of 18.
So why
isn't the air cleaner in (insert name of community)? The Tobacco Free Future
Project, sponsored by the University of Minnesota, is working hard to create
more smoke-free environments in our community and deserves our support.
Smoke-free
environments in (name of community) would have several benefits, including
reduced exposure to secondhand smoke, savings in cleaning and maintenance costs
to businesses, and reduced risk of fire damage. Additionally, smokers may be
more likely to quit if the behavior becomes less convenient. Youth may also be
less likely to start if they see fewer role models smoking and have fewer
opportunities to bum free cigarettes off friends and adults in public gathering
spots.
(Name of
community) deserves fresh air for all its citizens.
Other Ideas
for Letters to the Editor
• Have a
parent whose child works in a restaurant talk about concerns that the child is
being exposed to secondhand smoke. Discuss the special risks food service
employees face and how making restaurants smoke-free would reduce these risks
and make smoking more difficult for adults and teens.
• Have a
doctor (or nurse) write a letter about the risks of secondhand smoke to children
and the concern that many of their patients smoke around their children. They
can also mention that children with parents who smoke are more likely to smoke
themselves. Then have them discuss how parents should consider making their
homes smoke free.
• Have a
student write about working in a place that allows smoking. Have her/him discuss
the negative health effects of secondhand smoke and impact of seeing people
smoke in public.
Eliminating the Dangers of Secondhand Smoke
30-Second
Radio Public Service Announcement
WE WORK HARD TO PROTECT OUR CHILDREN FROM HARMFUL THINGS IN THE ENVIRONMENT LIKE
PESTICIDES, LEAD, ASBESTOS. BUT THERE'S ONE KNOWN CARCINOGEN OUR CHILDREN COME
INTO CONTACT WITH OFTEN, AND WE DO LITTLE ABOUT IT—SECONDHAND SMOKE. IT CAUSES
LUNG CANCER IN NONSMOKERS AND BRONCHITIS, PNEUMONIA, EVEN SUDDEN INFANT DEATH
SYNDROME IN CHILDREN. YET SECONDHAND SMOKE SEEPS THROUGH OUR COMMUNITY. IT’S
IN OUR RESTAURANTS, OUR BOWLING ALLEYS, OUR SPORTS FACILITIES. ISN'T IT TIME WE
CREATED MORE SMOKE-FREE ENVIRONMENTS? FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL THE TOBACCO
FREE FUTURE PROJECT AT XXX-XXXX.
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